I used pdf/ebook to read the book of Johan Dewey, How we think, to better understand reflection.
In the first paragraph, Dewey clarifies that knowing precisely what to look for when discussing thinking is difficult. He continues to remind us that reflection is complex, rigorous, intellectual and emotional and takes time to do well. It is a systematic and structured way of thinking that impacts learning.
Reflection and observation are about oneself and the subject matter, and one should always be mindful of the contexts in which it operates.
It is interesting to know that this book was written 100 years ago. The following stands out after I also read an article by Carol Rodgers (Researchgate.net):
1 Reflection is a meaning-making process. It becomes the way that we make sense of things that happens and happens to us – an experience(es) which we take note of.
2. Reflection is a rigorous way of thinking – Dewey uses many terms to describe this -He reminds us of belief, imagination (invention or imagining)) and stream of consciousness. Here, one can consider spontaneous interpretation, naming the problems and questions that arise from this experience and then generating possible explanations for these. Then one can move to a hypothesis that one can then test or experiment with these. In this, we see the importance of slowing down – the time for meaning-making to begin, depending on the complexities of the problems and understanding. (p 16)
3. Reflection as expression/act of sharing – collaborating, hearing others’ perspectives, experience and support, as well as sharing your insights and serving the community/group
4. Reflection should become an awareness of attitudes and emotions – Acknowledge that things affect us. As humans, we tend to see what we wish or fear is true rather than accept what evidence tells us. Reflection should be guided by open-mindedness, responsibility, directness and whole-heartedness. Acknowledging curiosity and enthusiasm for the subject matter is vital – a total engagement, not being indifferent about it. (p. ) He also refers to directness, which indicates confidence (subject knowledge?) as an attitude of trust in this process/experience and not about self-absorption. One needs open-mindedness to entertain other or different perspectives and to be able to acknowledge your limitations within your viewpoint. I also like the idea of responsibility to recognise that the meaning I am acting on is my meaning, not a disembodied idea out there, which takes courage.
Bibliography
Dewey, John. 1910. How we Think. Published by DC Heath and Company, Boston, New York Chicago pdf copy At: https://bef632.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/dewey-how-we-think,pdf (Accessed on 16/10/2022)
Rodgers, Carol. 2002. Defining Reflection, another look at John Dewey and Reflective thinking. At: Researchgate.net. (Accessed on 18/10/2022)